訓練鱷魚拒食有毒蟾蜍

在澳洲，淡水鱷魚因為食用入侵物種美洲巨蟾蜍導致數量下降。研究人員收集了美洲巨蟾蜍的屍體，去除了有毒部分，並注射了一些能讓鱷魚感到不適的化學物，造成類似於食物中毒的效果。然後研究人員將這些蟾蜍懸掛在水邊。一段時間後，鱷魚很快就學會了不食用這些蟾蜍誘餌，並相信牠們經過訓練學會不再捕食這些有毒蟾蜍，因為與沒有進行鱷魚訓練的地點相比，經過訓練的地區鱷魚的死亡數量大大減少了。

In Australia, the number of freshwater crocodiles are declining due as they are consuming poisonous invasive cane toads. Researchers collected dead cane toads, removed the toxic parts, and injected some drug that can make the crocodiles feel sick, similar to food poisoning effect. Researchers then hang the toads over water bodies. The crocodiles learned quickly not to take the toad baits after a while, and believed they learned to avoid live toads as well because the number of dead crocodiles have greatly reduced compared to sites that didn’t not have the training.

https://www.npr.org/2024/08/16/g-s1-17159/cane-toads-freshwater-crocodiles-australia-invasive-intervention

最陌生的鯨魚

鏟齒喙鯨（Mesoplodon traversii）是最稀有及了解最少的鯨魚物種之一，因為從未見有活體記錄。鏟齒喙鯨的下顎兩側各有一隻明顯的大牙齒。最近有一條鏟齒喙鯨屍體被沖上紐西蘭的海灘。自 1800 年代以來，全球只有6個鏟齒喙鯨的紀錄，其中大部分都來自紐西蘭。

Spade-tooth whale (Mesoplodon traversii ) is one of the rarest and less known species of whale because it has never been seen alive. It has a distinctive large teeth on both side of its lower jaw. recently a dead spade-tooth whale was washed up on a beach in New Zealand. since the 1800s, there were only six samples of this whale species in record, most of them from New Zealand.

https://www.sciencealert.com/worlds-rarest-whale-never-seen-alive-washes-up-on-beach

禿鷹消失令更多人類死亡

由於一種用於治療牛疾病的藥物，印度禿鷹在二十多年前就開始消失。禿鷹是食腐動物，主要食用動物屍體，有助控制環境中細菌及病原體。研究發現，禿鷹消失後，引發更多因牲畜、流浪狗等的屍體導致的疾病和狂犬病傳播，並增加人類死亡率。

Indian’s vultures in India began to disappear over two decades ago because of a drug used to treat sick cattle. vultures are scavengers that feed on dead animals, controlling bacteria and pathogens. A study discovered the disappearance of vultures led to more spread of diseases and rabies caused by the carcasses of livestock and stray dogs, and increased human death rates.

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c28e2pvzn3lo

眼鏡熊面臨各種威脅

棲息在南美洲的眼鏡熊屬近危物種。在玻利維亞，氣候變遷及棲息地喪失迫使眼鏡熊到更遠的地方尋找食物，並增加了與人類的衝突。人類讓牲畜四處遊蕩放牧；眼鏡熊可能會遇到並捕食這些牲畜而對人類造成損失，最終被射殺。除此之外，眼鏡熊還受到野火、非法狩獵及販運等的威脅。

The Andean bear is a vulnerable species that can be found in South America. in Bolivia, climate change and habitat loss are forcing the bears to roam further to search for food and increased conflicts with human. human let their livestock roam widely to feed; the bears might come across and attack the livestock for food, ending up being shot by human in retaliation for killing their livestock. Besides that, the bears also are threatened by wildfire, illegal hunting and trafficking.

https://www.bbc.com/reel/video/p0jbv222/climate-chaos-makes-paddington-bear-hangry-

https://armoniabolivia.org/preserving-the-legend-the-struggle-for-the-survival-of-the-andean-bear-in-bolivia/

仙人掌因海平面上升滅絕

海平面上升及颶風引發的土壤耗竭，導致佛羅里達礁島群的基拉戈樹仙人掌 (𝘗𝘪𝘭𝘰𝘴𝘰𝘤𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘶𝘴 𝘮𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘴𝘱𝘢𝘶𝘨𝘩𝘪𝘪) 地區性滅絕。研究發現該仙人掌從2015年開始數量下降，到2016年已減少了至少50%；他們認為更多低窪沿海植物將面臨相似的威脅。基拉戈樹仙人掌的剩餘族群分佈在一些偏遠的加勒比海島嶼、巴哈馬群島的部分地區及古巴北部。NASA 預測，到 2100 年，佛羅裡達群島的大部分地區將被海水淹沒。

The rising see level and hurricanes causing soil depletion has put the Key Largo Tree Cactus (𝘗𝘪𝘭𝘰𝘴𝘰𝘤𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘶𝘴 𝘮𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘴𝘱𝘢𝘶𝘨𝘩𝘪𝘪) to extinct locally in the Florida Keys. Research found the cactus began to decline in 2015, and was reduced over 50% in 2016; they believe more low-lying coastal plants will be at risk. The remaining populations of the Key Largo Tree Cactus are on a few remote Caribbean islands, parts of the Bahamas and northern Cuba. NASA predicts by 2100 most of the Florida Keys island will be below sea level.

https://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/62294/20240710/rare-tree-cactus-goes-extinct-due-rising-sea-level-study.htm