一項針對可普灰雨蛙（Dryophytes chrysoscelis）的研究指出，當雌蛙同時面對過多彼此競爭的雄蛙鳴叫時，會陷入「選擇困難」。隨著雄蛙數量增加，雌蛙的擇偶決策速度明顯變慢，最終成功選定配偶的機率亦隨之下降。這種困境並非因雄蛙的鳴叫變得難以分辨，而是源於雌蛙在處理大量資訊時的認知限制。研究結果顯示，在擁擠的繁殖環境中，動物的認知能力會影響其擇偶過程與繁殖成功率。

A study on Cope’s gray treefrogs (Dryophytes chrysoscelis) shows that females experience choice overload when confronted with too many competing male calls. As the number of calling males increases, females become slower to make mating decisions and are less likely to select a mate. This difficulty does not stem from the calls becoming harder to distinguish, but from cognitive limits in processing large amounts of information. The findings indicate that, in crowded breeding environments, an animal’s cognitive capacity can influence mate choice and reproductive success.

https://www.cell.com/iscience/fulltext/S2589-0042(26)02464-8